Functional Groups are the substituent atoms or group of atoms that attach to a molecule and enable them to participate in specific chemical reactions. of acidic and basic functional groups, the roles of water and lipid soluble functional groups, the types of chemical interactions possible between functional groups and their biological targets, the specific routes of metabolism associated with specific functional groups, and how functional groups can be altered to provide a therapeutic benefit. Functional groups are clusters of atoms with characteristic structure and functions. The presence of functional groups explains the maxim in chemistry that “like dissolves like.” The mutual solubility of compounds is due to the interaction of shared functional groups. Because of their importance in understanding organic chemistry, functional groups have characteristic names that often carry over in the naming of individual compounds incorporating specific groups. Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Aspirin is only slightly soluble in water and acidic solutions such as is present in the stomach. Carbohydrates usually contain a carbonyl (=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. Water also interacts with other molecules that have charged functional groups and/or functional groups with hydrogen bond donors or acceptors. Covalent bonds link the atoms within functional groups and connect them to the rest of the molecule. Alcohols are characterized by this functional group. Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl. Many of the same functional groups that raise the boiling point of a compound (carbonyl and hydroxyl groups) also increase its solubility in water. Clearly illustrated here the carbonyl group bonds with a carbon atom to form a ring structure that is often found in polysaccharides that usually form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups. Aspirin is more soluble in basic (alkaline) solutions, so it readily dissolves in … Water is attracted to this group, and therefore molecules that have this group (such as sugars) tend to dissolve in water. Examples of functional groups include the hydroxyl group, ketone group, amine group, and ether group. The size of the molecule and functional groups present on the molecule also determine whether or not it will be soluble in a particular solvent. Avocados are an excellent dietary source of pantothenic acid, vitamin 85. The polar functional groups like hydroxide, carbonyl, carboxyl, etc are readily soluble in water. As the polarity of the functional groups decreases the solubility of the molecule in water decreases. Polar molecules (with +/- charges) are attracted to water molecules and are hydrophilic. This functional group is polar because the electronegative oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. [hangman] [c*]carboxyl [f]Awesome. 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